When you visit your dentist for a routine checkup, you probably expect the usual cleaning, polishing, and maybe a few reminders about flossing. But sometimes, your dentist might recommend something more intensive: a deep cleaning, also known as scaling and root planing. If you’re wondering what that means (and whether you really need it) you’re not alone. Let’s break it down.
What is deep cleaning?
A deep cleaning goes beyond the standard cleaning you get at your regular dental appointments. While a typical cleaning (called prophylaxis) focuses on cleaning the surface of the teeth above the gumline, a deep cleaning addresses issues that develop beneath the gums. Scaling and root planing are the two main parts of this procedure.
- Scaling involves removing plaque, tartar (hardened plaque), and bacteria from the surface of the teeth and below the gumline.
- Root planing smooths out the roots of the teeth, helping the gums reattach and making it harder for bacteria to accumulate in the future.
Is it right for you?
Your dentist might recommend a deep cleaning if you have signs of gum diseases. Early stages of gum disease, known as gingivitis, can often be reversed with improved oral hygiene and regular cleanings. However, if the infection progresses, pockets form between your teeth and gums, trapping bacteria and causing inflammation, bone loss, and potential tooth loss. Symptoms of gum disease include:
- Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
- Persistent bad breath
- Gum recession (your teeth look longer)
- Loose teeth
- Deep pockets (more than 4 millimeters) between your teeth and gums, as measured by your dentist
What happens during the deep cleaning?
Deep cleaning is usually done in two or more visits, depending on how severe your gum disease is. Your dentist or hygienist may use local anesthesia to numb the area and keep you comfortable. Specialized instruments, including ultrasonic tools, are used to thoroughly clean below the gumline and along the root surfaces.
Afterward, your gums might feel tender or sore for a few days, and you might be prescribed an antibacterial mouthwash or antibiotics to help with healing.
What are the benefits?
The goal of scaling and root planing is to stop the progression of gum disease and promote healing. Benefits include:
- Reduced inflammation and bleeding
- Shrinking periodontal pockets
- End to bone and tooth loss
- Improved overall oral health (and even contributing to better heart health!)
Maintaining results
After a deep cleaning, good oral hygiene is critical. Brush twice a day, floss daily, and use any prescribed mouth rinses. You'll also need to keep up with regular dental checkups, and possibly even more frequent visits (every 3 - 4 months) to monitor your healing and detect any new issues as early as possible.
In short: Deep cleaning might sound intimidating, but it’s a powerful tool to help save your smile and your health. If your dentist recommends scaling and root planing, it’s because they want to tackle gum disease before it leads to bigger problems. Trust the process, take care of your teeth at home, and your gums will thank you.